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Complaint: Definition, Example and Related Terms

What is a Complaint ?

In the realm of contract law, a complaint is the formal document that initiates a lawsuit. It is filed by the plaintiff (the party who is bringing the lawsuit) against the defendant (the party being sued). The complaint outlines the plaintiff's allegations and claims against the defendant, including the specific legal and factual basis for the lawsuit, such as breaches or misrepresentations within a contract. It is essentially the plaintiff's way of saying ‘here’s the problem, and this is why it’s a legal issue’.

For example, a company might file a complaint against another company for failing to deliver goods as specified in their contract. The complaint would detail what was expected, how the expectation was not met, and what damages or remedies the plaintiff seeks.

The filing of a complaint is the first step in the litigation process. It serves to officially notify the defendant of the legal action and sets the stage for the court proceedings that will follow. The complaint must be served to the defendant, who then has the opportunity to respond or contest the claims made against them.

Drafting a complaint requires a thorough understanding of the case details, as it must concisely and clearly state the relevant facts and legal basis for the claims. It is a critical document as it frames the issues of the case that will be addressed in court.

A well-drafted complaint can enhance the plaintiff's position in negotiations and support successful litigation outcomes. Therefore, legal representatives often prepare complaints to ensure they meet all procedural requirements and accurately represent the plaintiff’s case.

Example(s)

  • Scenario Description
    An electronics supplier files a complaint against a retailer for failing to pay for goods delivered as per their agreement. The complaint outlines the initial agreement, the delivery of goods, the outstanding payment, and seeks monetary compensation for the delivered products along with interest for the delayed payment.
    A property management company files a complaint against a tenant for breach of lease agreement. The complaint includes specific instances of lease violations such as unauthorized alterations to the property and seeks legal action for damages or eviction.